November 8

1861  Denver Colorado incorporated.

1864  President Lincoln reelected.

1873  Winnipeg becomes incorporated as Canada's first city in the West.

1876  Mary Davis was elected Justice of the Peace in Tie Siding, Wyoming, a small town outside of Laramie Wyoming. She was the first woman in Wyoming to be elected to the position (there had been women appointed to justice of the peace previously).

1881  Coloradans vote to make Denver the state capitol.

1887  Doc Holliday died in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. He'd lived over a decade longer than his doctor had first anticipated when he was diagnosed with TB.

1889  Montana achieves statehood.

1892     Former President Grover Cleveland beat incumbent Benjamin Harrison, becoming the only president to win non-consecutive terms in the White House.

Be that as it may, President Cleveland fared extremely poorly in Wyoming that year, which had representatives to the Electoral College for the first time, given its recent statehood.  The election of 1892 saw four candidates compete for electoral votes, and President Harrison ended up polling just over 50% of the Wyoming votes, with Populist James Weaver taking 46% of the Wyoming vote.  Amazingly, the remaining percentage of the vote seemingly went to John Bidwell of the Prohibition Party.  Cleveland's percentage of the Wyoming vote was infinitesimal.

 James Weaver

As surprising as this is, Wyoming was not unique in these regards.  Weaver polled so well in Colorado that he pulled out ahead of Harrison in that state and took that state's electoral votes.  He also one in Idaho, Nevada and North Dakota.  Cleveland was obviously very unpopular in the Rocky Mountain West in the 1892 election.  Indeed, Cleveland only took California and Texas in the West, and polled most strongly in the East and the South.  He polled particular well in the Deep South that year, although Weaver also, ironically, did well in the South.  Cleveland's status as a Democrat probably carried him in the South.

This probably is an interesting comment on both the evolution of political parties, and the make up of the Wyoming electorate at the time. Wyoming was a solidly Republican state then as now, but at that time the Republican Party was split between "progressive" and "conservative" factions.  While their fiscal policies significantly differed in general, the Democratic party had not yet started to have a significant populist branch.  The Democrats retained a very solid base in the South, were the party continued to favor the old Southern aristocracy.  The Republicans generally did well in the North and West.

This year, however, the factions that would eventually split the Republican Party wide open in the early 20th Century started to come to a head and a proto-progressive branch of the party started to emerge.  Interestingly, the Wyoming Republican Party apparently had a strong populist streak.  The strong polling by the Populists in the South reflected a split in that region in the Democratic Party, where the party was controlled by Southern aristocrats but had a large yeoman base.

In the following years Progressive and Populist branches of both parties would vie for control of the respective parties with William Jennings Bryan first making a serious run at converting the Democrats into a populist party and then the Republicans briefly becoming a progressive party during the Theodore Roosevelt years.  The Populist (or rather People's Party) would die after the election of the 1892 with a Progressive Party to emerge in 1912 very briefly.  The Progressive Party proved to be quite popular in  Wyoming when it briefly emerged, with Gov. Carey joining it during its brief existence.

1892  Henry A. Coffeen elected as Congerssman from Wyoming.

1892  John E. Osborne elected Governor.  Governor Osborne was a Democrat who was elected in the wake of the Johnson County War.

1893  Women granted the right to vote in Colorado.

1898  Battery A, Wyoming Light Artillery,  left San Francisco, CA, for Newport.and then on to the Philippines.  The battery arrived in Manila on December 7.

1901   Ben Kilpatrick, a Wild Bunch member, and, with Laura Bullion ({Della Rose"), a female associate of the gang, arrested in St. Louis.  He was carrying $7,000 in cash, a huge sum at the time, from a robbery but would not divulge the whereabouts of gang members.  Both were sentenced to prison.

1904  Theodore Roosevelt wins Presidential election.

1904  Bryant B. Brooks elected Governor.

1911  County attorney of Laramie County warned that all gambling must stop in the county.

1916   The Laramie Republican for November 8, 1916. Results Uncertain
 

The Laramie Republican, however, was only willing to go with "uncertain".

The Wyoming Tribune, the 3:30 edition. . not so sure now.

 

By 3:30 the Tribune was less certain, but still thought it was Hughes, probably.

And other news had crept back onto the front page.

Cheyenne State Leader for November 8, 1916. Getting the election right

 

The less dramatic leader, however, called the election correctly. 

 

The first edition of the Wyoming Tribune for November 8, 1916: HUGHES WINS
 

Except he didn't.  The Tribune had been hoping for Hughes. . . perhaps a little too much?

1921  Tuesday November 8, 1921. Dignatary.

Crow Chief Plenty Coups, (b circa 1908), a Crow leaders since 1876 when he was 28 years old, was back East in order to serve as the Native American representative at the upcoming dedication of the Tomb of the Unknowns.

 
Plenty Coups was a renowned Plains Indian figure and a significant Crow leader.  The last Crow chief to be elected by other chiefs, he foresaw the ultimate European American victory coming and allied his people with the United States. The alliance was a natural one in that the Crow were fighting to retain their lands in Montana and Wyoming from Sioux incursions.

A strong proponent of education, he remained a significant figure until his death in 1932.

1932     New York Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president over incumbent Herbert Hoover.

1932  Leslie A. Miller elected Governor.

 Governor Miller on left meets with the Secretary of Agriculture.

1942  Two United States Army Air Corp fighters conducted a demonstration over Lusk, with one of them being flown by a resident of Lusk, now in the USAAC.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1957  The Most Reverend Patrick A. McGovern, Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Cheyenne, dies after occupying his office for 39 years. Bishop McGovern had been an orphan and grew up in Omaha Nebraska. As Bishop of the Diocese of Cheyenne, he was active in his concern for the plight of Wyoming's orphans.

1960  John F. Kennedy was elected 35th President.  He did not, however, take Wyoming's vote.  Wyoming voters chose Richard Nixon that year, giving him 55% of the Wyoming vote.

1960  Jack R. Gage elected Governor.

1960  William Henry Harrison, great great grandson of President William Henry Harrison, and a lawyer from Sheridan, elected to the House of Representatives from Wyoming.  He had earlier served in that capacity from 1951 to 1955.  He was unusual that he had more than one interrupted periods of representation.

1984  The Lincoln County Courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

1988  George H. W. Bush elected President.

November 7

1805  The Corps of Discovery reached the Pacific Ocean.

1835  Texas' Declaration of November 7, 1835 adopted by the Consultation at San Felipe documenting Texas' reasons for taking up arms against Mexico. Attribution:  On This Day.

It stated:

November 7, 1835.

DECLARACION DEL PUEBLO DE TEJAS, Reunido en Convencion General. Por cuantoel general Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, asociado con otros gefes militareshan destruido por medio de la fuerza armada las Instituciones Federalesde la Nacion Mejicana, y disuelto el pacto social que existia entre el Pueblo de Tejas y las demas partes de la confederacion Mejicana, el buen Pueblo de Tejas, usando de sus derechos naturales, DECLARA SOLEMNEMENTE,

Primero. Que ha tomado las armas en defensa de sus derechos y libertad esamenezados por los ataques del despotismo militar; y en defensa de losprincipios republicanos de la Constitucion Federal de Mejico, sancionadaen 1824.

Segundo. Que aunque Tejas no esta ya ni politica ni moralmenteligado por los lazos de la Union Federal, movido por la simpatia y generosidadnaturales a los pueblos libres, ofrece ayuda y asistencia a aquellos miembrosde la confederacion que tomasen las armas contra el despotismo militar.

Tercero. Que no reconoce en las actuales autoridades de la nominal Republica Mejicana ningun derecho para gobernar en el territorio de Tejas.

Cuarto.Que no cesara de hacer la guerra contra las mencionadas autoridades mientrasmantengan tropas en los terminos de Tejas.

Quinto. Que se considera conderecho de separarse de la Union a Mejico durante la desorganizacion delSistema Federal y el regimen del despotismo, y para organizar un gobiernoindependiente o adoptar aquellas medidas que sean adecuadas para protegersus derechos y libertades; pero continuara fiel al gobierno Mejicano enel caso de que la nacion sea gobernada por la Constitucion y las leyesque fueron formadas para el regimen de su asociacion politica.

Sesto. Que Tejas se obliga a pagar los gastos de sus tropas en actividad actualmenteen la campana.

Septimo. Que Tejas empena su credito y fe publica para elpago de las deudas que contrageren sus agentes.

Octavo. Que recompensaracon donaciones de tierra y los derechos de ciudadania a los voluntariosque prestasen servicios en la presente lucha. Esta es la declaracion queprofesamos delante del mundo, llamando a Dios por testigo de la sinceridadde nuestras intenciones, invocando su maldicion sobre nuestras cabezasen el caso de faltar a ella por doblez o intencion danada.

B.T. ARCHER, Presidente.

Municipalidad de Gonzales-- J. D. Clemens

Municipalidad de Austin --Benjamin Fuqua, Thomas Barnett, James Hodges, Wyly Martin,
William Arrington, Randall Jones, William S. Fisher, Wm. Menifee, G.W. Davis. Jesse Burnam.

Municipalidad de Viesca.

Municipalidad de Matagorda.-- S.T. Allen, R.R. Royall, A.G. Perry, Charles Wilson, J.G.W. Pierson

Municipalidad de Washington-- Alexander Thompson, Asa Mitchell, J.W.Parker. Philip Coe

Municipalidad de Nacogdoches-- Elijah Collard, Samuel Houston, Jesse Grimes, Daniel Parker, A. Hoxie, James W. Robertson

Municipalidad de Mina-- William Whitaker, J.S. Lester

Municipalidad of Bevil-- D.C. Barrett, John Bevil, R.M. Williamson. S.H. Everett

Municipalidad de Columbia-- Wyatt Hanks, Henry Smith

Municipalidad de San Augustin --Edwin Waller, A. Houston, J.S.D. Byrom, Wm. N. Sigler, John A. Wharton, A.E.C. Johnson, W.D.C. Hall, Martin Palmer, A. Horton

Municipalidad de Harrisburgh --Henry Augustin, Lorenzo de Zavala, A.G.Kellog. Wm. P. Harris

Municipalidad de Liberty -- C.C. Dyer, J.B. WoodsMeriwether W. Smith, A.B. Hardin, John W. Moore, Henry Millard, D.B.Macomb, C. West.

Sala de la Convencion en San Felipe de Austin, 7 deNoviembre de 1825. P.B. Dexter, Secretario.

1848  Zachary Taylor was elected president of US.

1871  The second session of Wyoming's Territorial Legislative Assembly began. It continued until December 16.

1876 Rutherford B. Hayes was elected 19th president of the US.

1877  The fifth session of Wyoming's Territorial Legislative Assembly began.  

1885   Donald A. Smith, later Lord Strathcona drives in the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Craigellachie, in the Eagle Pass, British Columbia.

1893  Colorado grants women the franchise.

1913 The school house in Guernsey was destroyed by fire.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1916  President Woodrow Wilson was re-elected over Charles Evans Hughes, but the race was so close that the results were not known until November 11.Wyoming's electorate gave 55% of the vote to Wilson.

1916  John B. Kendrick elected to the Senate from Wyoming.

1916     Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to Congress.  She would boldly cast "no" votes on the measures to declare war in World War One and World War Two.

 The Laramie Daily Boomerang for November 7, 1916. Wars and highways.
 

The Laramie Daily Boomerang, which is still published today, didn't bother much with elections in its November 7, 1916 edition.  It focused on the news of other things, including the crisis in Mexico, prohibition in Virginia, Polish independence and the Lincoln Highway eliminating polls.

The Boomerang, perhaps, may have felt that the voters had made up their minds and focused on other things.

The Douglas Budget for November 7, 1916. Be loyal to our party.

 

The newspaper for the small town of Douglas simply urged voters to Republican party loyalty.  A. R. Merritt, however, of the RCU Store, didn't worry about whether you were a member of the "the Republican and Progressive Party, the Democratic Party, the Socialist Party and the Prohibition Party" (all parties that were actually fielding candidates on a serious basis), as long as you had the right party dress.

The Wyoming Tribune for November 7, 1916, 3:30 Edition: Early reports indicate Hughes

 

The Wyoming Tribune, which had been solidly Republican in the 1916 campaign, looked forward to Hughes being elected and was predicting John B. Kendrick's "Waterloo" in its 3:30 edition.

The early reports, as we'll see, may have not been right.

The Cheyenne Leader for November 7, 1916: The Leader takes a shot at the Tribune.

 

The Cheyenne Leader was backing Wilson and Kendrick, and it had apparently had enough of the Tribune.

Of note, the Leader was taking a "bring the boys back home" approach to the election, in part, obviously indicating that a vote for Hughes was a vote for prolonged entanglement in Mexico.

The Casper Record for November 7, 1916. All America Joins Shout "Wilson's The Man!"
 

The Casper Record confidently predicted that "all America" would shout for Wilson.  It also came out for Pat Sullivan, rising local politician, Irish immigrant, and very successful local sheepman.  He built a house which was, up until recently, the largest house in Casper.  Of interest, at least one of the ranching families mentioned in the article is still ranching in the same location, which is a bit comforting.

We also learn that the Midwest Hotel was about to go up, which it did.  And C. H. Townsend directed our attention to rugs.

1918Countdown on the Great War, November 7, 1918: The False Armistace, the Bavarian monarchy falls, the French and British explain the war against the Ottomans.

1. The False Armistice resulted in celebrations throughout the Allied nations as a false report that Germany had entered into an Armistice circulated and was widely reported.

A couple of Wyoming's newspapers, including the Casper Daily Tribune, did note the reports, but were hesitant about reporting them as fully accurate.  They would turn out not to be.

2.  The German Revolution spread to Hanover, Brunswick, Frankfurt, and Munich.  King Ludwig III of Bavaria was forced to flee with his family for what he thought would be a temporary departure, but which would not see him return as king.

The Bavarian Royal Family.

There was some irony to his being the first German monarch to fall.  He was already in his upper years at the time he had become king, in 1913, and therefore was not a long reigning German monarch.  He was additionally a staunch supporter of the direct right to vote, thereby putting him in sympathy with democratic aims.  Indeed, he'd run, unsuccessfully, as a candidate for the Reichstag and there was some belief that if the German Emperor were an elected position, he would likely have been the Emperor.

He was not in the direct line of succession for the Bavarian crown and also came to it by way of a change in the Bavarian constitution which allowed for the regent to declare himself king upon the incompetency of the rightful occupant, which he then did, thereby ending his regency for the severely mentally ill King Otto.

Ludwig was a direct descendant of both the French King Louis XIV and the Norman Duke and English King William of Normandy.

3.  The UK and France issued (maybe. . .it might have been November 9) the Anglo French Declaration retroactively declaring their war aims in the fight against the Ottoman Empire to have been the "complete and final" liberation of nations that had been part of the Ottoman Empire.

4.  The U.S. Third Army was established at Chaumont, France.  It would not see a mission until after the Armistice.

5. The English fishing smack Conster hit a mine and sank.

1922.  Democrat William B. Ross won election to the Governor's office, defeating John W. Hay, a Republican who had defeated the incumbent Republican Governor Robert D. Carey for the GOP ticket.

Ross.

The Republican Party was split due to the extremely contentious primary race and Ross was able to use this to appeal to Carey's supporters through his strong Prohibition stance.  The 48 year old Carey was a lawyer by profession.

Democrat John B. Kendrick won a second term to the Senate, defeating Congressman Frank W. Mondell who was the Majority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives at the time.

Replacing Mondell was Charles E. Winter, a lawyer from Casper who had also been a State District Court judge.

Winter.

Winter would serve in that role until 1929, as in 1928 he reprised Mondell's path and attempted unsuccessfully to move to the Senate.  He was thereafter the Attorney General of Puerto Rico and then returned to Casper, where he died in 1948.  One of my aunts worked for him in his later years, and his son, who lived to be nearly 100, was a lawyer who practiced in the office building which I do and still was when I first worked there.

Winter wrote the lyrics for the song Wyoming, which is one of the two state songs.  He was also a novelist.

1944     President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a fourth term in office, defeating Thomas E. Dewey.

1969  Thurmon Arnold, Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust actions in the Roosevelt Administration from 1938 to 1943, and former Mayor of Laramie, born in Laramie, died on date.  The Thurman Arnold Building in Washington D. C. is named after him.  He was later a Justice of the D. C. Circuit.

1972 President Richard M. Nixon was re-elected in a landslide over Democrat George McGovern.

Cliff Hanson won reelection to the U.S. Senate.  Teno Roncalio won reelection against Republican candidate Bill Kidd.

1972.  A Sublette County straw poll shows 970 people opposed to, 279 in favor of and 105 undecided on the "Wagon Wheel Project" which would extract natural gas in the area with five underground nuclear explosions.  Yikes!  Attribution: Wyoming State Historical Society.
   
1976   The Johnson County Library (Carnegie Public Library) was added to the National Register for Historic Places.

2000     George W. Bush was elected president.

 

November 5

1872  Ulysses S. Grant was re-elected President.

1879  U.S. Army establishes camp on the Snake River.

1889  Wyoming's Constitution approved by the electorate.

1912    Woodrow Wilson was elected President.

Wilson took 36% of the Wyoming vote that year, with Republican Taft taking 34%.  Progressive Bull Moose Candidate Theodore Roosevelt, backed by Governor Carey who had left the GOP with Roosevelt, took 22%.  Socialists Eugene Debs took 6.5%.  Wilson probably only took Wyoming's electoral votes due tot he split in the Republican Party that year.  It's interesting to note that the popular Roosevelt came behind Taft.  It's also interesting to note that the platforms of Wilson, Roosevelt and Debs were all reform platforms.

1935    Parker Brothers began marketing the board game "Monopoly."

1940  President Franklin Roosevelt wins a third term in office.  Wyoming's electoral votes went to the incumbent President.

1943  A United States Army Air Corps bomber crashed near Evanston.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1961  The Upper Green River Rendezvous Site designated a National Historic Landmark.

1968  Richard M. Nixon elected President of the United States.

Wyoming voted for Nixon, as it has for every Republican Presidential candidate after Lyndon Johnson.

1968  Republican John Wold elected as Congressman from Wyoming.  The Casper based oilman served one term as he gave up this seat to run unsuccessfully against incumbent Senator Gale McGee.

1994    George Foreman became boxing's oldest heavyweight champion at age 45 by knocking out Michael Moorer in the 10th round of their WBA fight in Las Vegas.

1996    President Bill Clinton won a second term.

50% of the Wyoming vote went to Republican challenger Bob Dole, with 12% going to 3d party candidate Ross Perot.

1996  Mike Enzi elected Senator from Wyoming.

The popular Enzi remains in Congress and was a central figure in recent efforts to effect a longterm solution to the ongoing American government's fiscal difficulties.  He faces a challenge this year from Liz Cheney, the daughter of former Vice President Dick Cheney.

2014:   After one of the most unusual election seasons in recent Wyoming history, the voters returned results that were actually fairly typical for Wyoming, going back over the last couple of decades.

Republican Governor Matt Mead easily defeated all of his opponents, including Democratic, Libertarian and independent challengers.  A late Tea Party effort revived for Dr. Taylor Haynes fell flat.

The Secretary of State's office went to Cheyenne businessman Ed Murray who likewise easily defeated all of his challengers, which did not include a Democratic challenger.  The inability of the Democrats to field a challenger to the office is perhaps emblematic of their basic collapse, as the office was occupied by a Democrat not all that many years ago.

The Secretary of Education slot went to Jillian Balow in a race that turned out to be surprisingly lopsided, as her Democratic challenger Ceballos was widely regarded as the best Democratic candidate for any office this year and he seemed to have a good deal of support.  Still, he also managed to run a serious campaign and secure over 60,000 votes in a year when the Democrats failed to field candidates for State Auditor, State Treasurer and Secretary of State.

Senator Enzi and Congresswoman Lumis easily defeated their opponents.

In what was perhaps the most surprising news, voters overwhelmingly rejected a proposed amendment to the State constitution which sought to allow for two trustees for the University of Wyoming to be picked from out of state residents.

In Casper, voters approved both the lodging tax and the renewal of the option 1 Cent sales tax.

Overall, this year would seem to take the recent trend of the complete collapse of the Democratic Party in the state out even further than prior election cycles.  The Democrats were able to field only a single candidate for office who was regarded as being a serious contender, and in the end he did not do as well as anticipated.  They didn't field candidates at all for three of the significant state offices, and none of the candidates for Congress were serious contenders. If the history of prior years hold, the Democrats will continue to fail to pick up the signals from the results, which clearly show that in the last 20 years the state's voters no longer trust the Democratic Party and the majority of active Wyoming Democrats of former years have grown inactive or quit the party entirely, leaving it in the hands of those who seemingly can't read the signs.  To some extent, libertarian third parties did better in performance this year than the Democrats did.

On the other hand, an election cycle that started off with a Tea Party insurgency inside of the GOP saw the voters completely reject that element twice.  Tea Party candidates within the GOP were defeated in the Primary, and Tea Party type elements outside of the GOP did badly in the general election.  Tea Party platforms locally, which seemed to have perhaps defeated the NSCD No. 1 bond earlier in the year, failed to make an impact on the optional 1 Cent tax and the Lodging Tax.  A Constitution Party candidate on the ballot for the Natrona County Commissioners received the least votes of any of the candidates, even when a long term County Commissioner (a Democrat) failed to receive enough votes for reelection.

2016:   Lex Anteinternet: Rally for Public Lands, Casper Wyoming, November 5, 2016

October 24

1859  Residents of what are now parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska and Kansas voted to form the Territory of Jefferson.  The extralegal putative territory would have included some of Wyoming, but also would have included parts of what are now the neighboring states including nearly all of Colorado.  It was never afforded recognition by the United States although, amazingly, it did elect a government and legislature.  Admission of Kansas, and more particularly Colorado, into the Union ended it.

1861 The first transcontinental telegraph message was sent from California to President Abraham Lincoln.

1861  The Pony Express was terminated.

Contrary to widespread popular belief, they weren't all orphans. Nor were they all young, as at least one rider was in his 40s.

The hard riding part, however, is correct.

1861 West Virginia seceded from Virginia.  This rather obviously has nothing directly to do with the history of Wyoming, but it's included here to note what was otherwise going on, on this momentous day in 1861.  The Pony Express ended, cross continental telegraph communications began, and the Civil War was ripping the country apart.  In some ways, the closer future and the disparate present was particularly prominent on this day.

1877  Famous suffragette Susan B. Anthony visited Cheyenne.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1902  A jury, having gone out the day before for deliberation, found Tom Horn guilty of the murder of Willie Nickell.

1929 Black Thursday—the first day of the stock market crash which began the Great Depression.  A significant recession, however, had been going on in Wyoming, following the economic declines following World War One, in Wyoming since 1919.

1939. Nylon stockings sold publicly for the first time.

1940 The 40-hour work week went into effect in the United States under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Interesting to note that this happened right before WWII, which would temporarily suspend it.

1969  Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, released.

The iconic Western movie, of course.

It's a movie that I haven't reviewed yet (I guess this will have to suffice for the review), in spite of an effort here to catch movies of interest that are "period pieces", if you will, which all non fantasy movies set in the past are.

The 1969 movie is one of the best loved and best remembered western movies.  It took a much different tone in regard to Western criminals than the other major Western of the same year, The Wild Bunch.  I frankly prefer The Wild Bunch, which as I earlier noted is a guilty pleasure of mine, but I love this film as well.

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a romanticized and fictionalized version of the story of the two Wyoming centered Western criminals who ranged over the entire state and into the neighboring ones.  In the film, which is set in the very early 1900s before they fled to Boliva, and which follows them into Bolivia, the two, portrayed by film giants Paul Newman (Butch) and Robert Redford (Cassidy), come across as lovable rogues, and barely rogues at that.  The film had a major impact at the box office and came in an era in which the frequently predicted "end of the Western movies" had already come.

The Hole In The Wall Gang, lead by (Robert LeRoy Parker) Butch Cassidy, far right, and Harry Lonabaugh (the Sundance Kid). This photograph was a stupid move and lead to their downfall.

So how accurate is it?

Well, pretty mixed.

Even the Pinkerton Detective Agency allows that they are the two romanticized Western criminals, and there are quite a few romanticized Western criminals, are closest to their public image. They were intelligent men and got away with their depredations in part as there were locals who liked them well enough not to cooperate with authorities, although that was also true of much less likable Western criminals.  And the vast majority of characters in the film represent real figures who filled the roles that they are portrayed as having in the film.  So in that sense, its surprisingly accurate.

Where it really fails, of course, is in glossing over the fact that they were in fact violent criminals.  And as outlaws their history is both violent and odd for the era.  The Wild Bunch, the criminal gang with which they are most associated, was extremely loosely created, and people came and went, rather than there being just one single group of outlaws.  The Wild Bunch itself generally took refuge, when it needed to, in Johnson County's Hole in the Wall region (their cabin exists to this day) and perhaps because of this or because of several of them being associated with the Bassett sisters, the daughters of a local small rancher, their activities oddly crossed back and forth between pure criminality and association with the small rancher side of the conflict that lead to the Johnson County War.  This latter fact, once again, may have contributed to their image as lovable criminals, even though they themselves were not in the category of individuals like Nate Champion who were actual small cattlemen who were branded as criminals by larger cattle interest. The gang was, rather, made up of actual criminals.

So the depiction of them simply attacking the evil (in the film) Union Pacific is off the mark. They were thieves.  Just less despicable thieves than most.

They did go to Bolivia and their lives did end there, according to the best evidence.  The film accurately portrays their demise coming in the South American country even if it grossly exaggerates that end, persistent rumors of at least Butch's survival aside.

Material detail wise the film is so so.  This late 1960s movie came at a time at which a high degree in material details, a bar set by Lonesome Dove, hadn't yet arrived, so the appearance of things reflects the movie styles of the late 1960s more than the actual appearance of things in the early 1900s.  Arms, however, are correct as in this movie making era the tendency to try to stand out by showing unique items in use hadn't arrived.

All things being considered, it is a great Western and well worth seeing.  It belied the belief that the era of Westerns was over, and in some ways it recalls earlier sweet treatment of Western criminals who were supposed to be just wild boys at heart.  Nobody gets killed in the film until Butch and Sundance do at the bitter end, which contributes to that.  In reality, The Wild Bunch is likely a more realistic portray of Western criminals, but this is a great film.

1989   Brooklyn Lake Lodge added to the National Register of Historic Places.  Attribution:  On This Day.

2008  "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experience the worst declines in their history.

2014   Long time Wyoming Federal Judge Clarence Brimmer passed away.

Judge Brimmer was a Rawlins native who went on to law school following World War Two, during which he had entered the Army Air Corps late war.  He served as the Attorney General for the State of Wyoming in the early 1970s and then was briefly U.S. Attorney for Wyoming before being appointed to the Federal bench in 1975 by Gerald Ford..

October 23

1884   Gilbert E. Leigh, an English remittance man who was was the guest of the Bar X Cattle Company, died in a 200 foot fall while hunting Big Horn Sheep in Tensleep Canyon.  He had spent most of his adult life as a big game hunter, one of a collection of occupations common to remittance men.

See the comments below for more information.

1890 Five dray licenses (freighting licenses) issued in Newcastle Wyoming.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1908  Oil struck at Salt Creek. The prodigious oil field remains in production today.

1972   Fossil Butte National Monument created.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

October 15

1887  Mail service discontinued between South Pass City and Lander.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1919  October 15, 1919. Airplane Mania

The 1919 Air Derby was still on and Lt. Maynard, who had one the transcontinental one way contest, was flying back across the United States to the east to hero's accolades.

And, as has been seen from other recent issues of these century old papers, the flying mania was spreading.  Just a few days ago a couple of papers were making deliveries to their outlying subscribers by airplane.  Today the Mrs. Mildred Chaplin, nee Harris, was in the news concerning an airborne event.

Harris in 1919

Harris was a Cheyenne native and at this point, one year into her marriage with Chaplin, was already separated from him or about to be, in spite of Harris' determination to save the marriage.

The marriage would end in 1920.  The whole affair provides an interesting insight into how certain news regarding celebrities varies from era to era, as the entire matter was really fairly scandalous.  Harris and Chaplin met when Harris was only 16 years old and at the time of their marriage she was just 17 and likely thought to be pregnant or she believed she was.  They would subsequently have a baby in 1919 who died after only three days of life and the marriage fell rapidly apart.  Harris had, overall, a tragic life, dying at age 42.

The entire event has the taint of scandal attached to it.  Chaplin was 35 yeas old, twenty years older than Harris, when the affair commenced with the teenage actress he'd met at a party.  The clearly involved a relationship that would have constituted statutory rape and which today would result in the end of Chaplin's career. At the time, and for decades thereafter, the marriage of couples in that situation precluded prosecution as married couples may not testify against each other, but perhaps the more significant aspect of the story to us in 2019 is that the marriage didn't result in an outcry, which it most definitely would now.  Instead it was celebrated and in Cheyenne it was certainly such.

The taint of scandal, or the presumption that there would have been one, is all the more the case as Chaplin's next wife, Lillita McMurry, was 16 years old when he started dating her at age 36.  That marriage would not last, and he'd next marry Paulette Goddard when he was in her early 20s. Goddard was the only one of Chaplin's four wives who was legally an adult at the time they started their relationship. That marriage didn't last, and he next met, romanced and married Oona O'Neil, who was 17 years old at the time. They married when she was 18 and he was 54, and remained married until his death at age 73.  With all that, Chaplin is still celebrated as a comedic genius (I really don't see it myself) and is widely admired, which would certainly note be the case today.

All of that, however, may simply be evidence how people are seemingly willing to allow teenage girls in particular to be exposed to creepy stuff on the presumption that it'll advance their careers.  In the 20th Century this continued on with actresses for ever, even featuring as a side story in the novel The Godfather (and briefly alluded to in the film).  It likely continued on until the modern "Me Too" movement, and can be argued to have spread into sports.

At the same time, hope that the Reds might fall in Russia was rising.

While in the US, fears over coal supplies, which were critical to industry and for that matter home heating, were rising.

1943  The Cheyenne chapter of American War Dads founded.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1962  Construction firm  Morrison-Knudsen won a contract to construct 200 Minuteman silos over an 8,300-square-mile area of Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado.

1966 Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area was established by Congress. Attribution:  On This Day.

1966  South Pass was added to the National Registry of Historic Places.  Attribution:  On This Day.

1984  Queen Elizabeth II visited her cousins, the Wallops, on their ranch in Sheridan.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1991  Verda James dies at the age of 90.  She was the first female Speaker of the House in Wyoming's legislature. James was born in Ontario and grew up in Iowa.  She was an educator by profession and served in the Legislature from 1954 to 1970.  An elementary school in Casper, where she resided, is named after her.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

2004   A Federal Court rejected President Clinton's 2001 ban on snowmobiles in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks.  Attribution:  On This Day.

2015:  Lois Layton, a well known Wyoming bird conservationist, passed away on October 15 at the age of 92.

Layton grew up on a ranch in Oklahoma and took a strong interest in nature. After moving to Casper in the 1950s, originally just a stop on her way to Alaska, she ultimately married and founded an institution dedicated to restoring injured birds, often raptors, to the wild.

October 3

1842   Sam Houston ordered Alexander Somervell to organize the militia and invade Mexico.  Attribution:  On This Day.

1863  President Lincoln declared that the last Thursday of November would be recognized as Thanksgiving Day.

1866  The Regular Army arrives at Ft. Casper with  troops from Company E, 2nd U.S. Cavalry arriving as reinforcements.  Attribution:  On This Day.

1879  9th Cavalry reenforced Ute besieged infantry from Ft. Fred Steele, Wyoming and cavalry from Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, at Milk Creek, Colorado.

1890  The US Secretary of the Interior approved the sum of $20,000 for the survey of public lands in  Wyoming.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1895  Uinta County's Sheriff John Ward arrested Bannock Indian Race Horse for "the unlawful and wanton killing of seven elk in said county on the first day of July, 1895." Race Horse was exonerated when the United States Circuit Court held that the "provisions of the state statute were inconsistent with the treaty" of July 3, 1868.  Attribution:  On This Day.

1900 Tom Horn shot rustler  Isom Dart in the head in an ambush at his gang's Routt County Colorado hideout.  Dart's companions retreated to their cabin and Horn mounted up and rode off.

1901  The Victor Talking Machine Company incorporated.

 A Victrola.

1918  Wool Shortages, the Germans retreat, the Flu is Everywhere and a Casper policeman runs amuck. The news of October 3, 1918.

Among the other grim news that Cheyenne readers of this paper learned is that wool was in such short supply, clothes were going to no longer be offered to civilians in it.

That, quite frankly, is nearly unimaginable for the time.  Most people, at least outside of the hot regions and the hot months, wore some wool everyday.

Readers of Laramie's Boomerang learned that Americans had advanced in the Argonne and the Spanish Flu had advanced into 36 states.

Or maybe it was 43 states.  It claimed, Cheyenne readers learned, a university student at Colorado State University.

One of the Casper papers had a more optimistic report on the flu.  It was wrong.

And in the other Casper paper, readers learned that a Casper policeman had gone berserk while drunk.

1941  The Wyoming Labor Journal advertised for skilled defense workers to work on Pacific Islands. . . probably not the best opportunity in retrospect.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

2014  I was remiss in timely noting it, but October 3 saw the 50th anniversary of the Oil Bowl. This Oil Bowl.(it's not the only one nationwide) is the cross town football match between rivals Natrona County High School and Kelly Walsh High School, both of which are undergoing massive renovation at the present time.

In this context, it's a very odd thing to realize that the last time I saw an Oil Bowl is while I was a student at NCHS, which would have been the 16th Oil Bowl.  I would have been a student there when the 17th Oil Bowl was held as well, but I didn't see that one.

 

 Photo from 16th Oil Bowl.