October 12 is National Farmers Day in the United States.
Irrigated Wyoming hay field.
1869 First Territorial Legislature convened.
1876 Cantonment Reno established.
1918
Countdown on the Great War: The Flu Marches On, The German Navy Quits the Air but not the Sea, The British start Demobilizing in the Desert. October 12, 1918.
Women marching in a Liberty Loan Campaign.
1. General Pershing relieves himself as commander of the 1st Army and turns command of it over to Gen. Hunter Liggett. This occurred as the 2nd Army had been formed on October 10 and Pershing was the overall commander of the AEF, which had now grown to two armies.
Scene at advanced first aid station of the 325th Inf. Wounded arriving on stretchers, while in the background a German munitions dump is burning at Marcq. American Red Cross north of Fleville, Ardennes, France
2. The Imperial German Navy flew its last airship mission of World War One. The German navy commanded the Zepplin fleet that had been used to bomb targets in Great Britain.
3. The Imperial German Navy remained active in the Atlantic, however and damaged the USAT Amphion and sank the Norwegian cargo ship Laila and the Italian ship Tripoli II. The Swedish ship Ohio collided with another ship in a British escorted convoy and also sank.
4. Shipping wise, the RMS Niagra docked in New Zeland brining the Spanish Flu with it.
5. Fire ignited by railroad sparks destroyed Cloquest Minnesota and resulted in the deaths of 453 people.
6. While there was no official talk of there being a Central Powers collapse, the British began to demobilize its forces in the Middle East in light of the Otttoman collapse there.
6th Australian light-horse regiment leaving Jerusalem for demobilization camp. Oct. 12th, 1918.
7. Flu deaths were now undeniably rising.
1944 Ground was broken for St. Paul’s Memorial Hospital in Evanston. Attribution: Wyoming State Historical Society.
1964 President Lyndon Johnson delivered a speech in Casper. Attribution: Wyoming State Historical Society.
In his speech, he stated:
Senator McGee; Teno Roncalio; my old
friend, former Senator Joe Hickey; my dose and able assistant, Mike
Manatos, from Rock Springs; ladies and gentlemen; boys and girls:
This looks to me like it is Democratic country. I know now how we are going to win the West--right here.
I have come out here today to discuss our economy and to satisfy my wife.
She came out here last month--and she hasn't stopped talking about it ever since.
But
Wyoming is familiar territory. As Gale told you, I visited here 6 years
ago. I asked you to give us your help, give us your hand, give us your
heart, send a young man to Washington that was young enough to do the
job and able enough to get it done. You did it. I want you to send him
back.
Today Gale McGee holds 6 years' seniority on the most
powerful committee in the Congress, the Appropriations Committee. And I
don't believe you people want to change horses after you have one that
is reliable, you have one that gets the job done, you have one that
loves your State, and you have one that your President needs to help him
keep peace in the world.
Today Gale McGee holds a place as my trusted friend and confidant.
Today Gale McGee is one of the most able Senators in Washington.
When
beef prices went into a slump, we had a drought all over the country,
our cattle prices started going down, Gale McGee went into action.
Instead of just beefing about it, and being a crybaby, he did something
for beef.
He started the biggest promotion of beef ever done in
this country, and he has not only done it in this country, he has done
it all over the world where we are now shipping some of our cattle. Yes,
he pushed beef exports. He got us to buy more beef for our soldiers,
more for our schools and more for our people in need.
He started
to work reducing imports. We set up a Presidential commission to study
the marketing practices of food chains, and he is a member of that
commission and a very able one.
Today, for the first time in 2
years, imports are down and prices of fat beef are going up. This rising
trend will reach the feeder cattle people and we do not intend to stop
until it does. I am proud of what Gale McGee has done to help the cowmen
of America.
This is the kind of responsible government your President believes in.
Responsible
government means prudent government. And that is why, as your
President, I have waged an all-out attack against waste in government.
That is why the first day I went in as your President, I said I will say
to the taxpayers of this country I am going to give you a dollar's
value for every dollar spent. That means spending your tax dollars only
where they need to be spent.
Some people laughed when I started
saving on light bulbs around the White House and turning out a few
lights and chandeliers. But they quit laughing at me when the Defense
Department savings reached $2,800 million. They didn't laugh at me.
They
quit laughing when other departments managed to save more than $400
million this year, and the year is not over yet. They didn't laugh so
hard when we cut this year's budget nearly $1 billion under last year's
budget.
They didn't laugh so much when this July we had 25,000
fewer employees working for the Federal Government than we had July a
year ago.
So prudent government, careful government, businessman
government has tightened its belt. We have streamlined its operations.
We have begun to do a better job for less money.
But responsibility means more than that. And that is why Gale McGee and I have been working to build Wyoming's prosperity.
We passed the wilderness bill to help preserve nature's wealth in Wyoming and the West.
You know how Gale McGee voted, and you know how my opponent voted. My opponent voted "no."
We passed the biggest tax cut, a $12 billion tax cut, in the history of the Nation.
You know how Gale McGee voted, and you know how my opponent voted. He voted "no."
We passed a bill for higher education to help meet the needs of our children, needs which have doubled in the last 10 years.
You know how Gale McGee voted. You know how my opponent voted. Well, I guess you guessed it--he voted "no."
I believe this kind of spending that we have done has been responsible spending.
I
think it was prudent when we spent $11 million during the last 3 1/2
years to help Wyoming's small businessmen, when we spent $975,000 to
develop Jackson Hole as a great recreation center; when we spent $80
million, this past year alone, to help build Wyoming's highways.
And there is a final responsibility.
The
war on waste has a third front. For the world's greatest waste would be
the waste of human lives in a nuclear holocaust. I think that you know
that as one of the products of Oak Ridge today we hold in our hand the
most awesome, the mightiest, the most frightening power that was ever
held in the hand of man.
I think that you know just a few months
back when President Kennedy sat with his Security Council for 37
meetings when Mr. Khrushchev had brought his missiles into Cuba, I think
you knew that your Commander in Chief, day and night, got the best
advice that he could get in this Nation, and you had selected his thumb
to be the thumb that went on the button if it had to go there.
But
his caution and his care and his good judgment resulted in these two
men looking at each other, eyeball to eyeball, and both of them deciding
that it was not wise, that it was not just, that it was not right to
put their thumb on that button and automatically wipe out the lives of
300 million people.
You have 3 weeks to make your choice of what
thumb you want controlling that button. You will select one of two
parties. You will select one of two persons. You will select one of two
leaders to conduct the relations of America with other nations.
The
most important single thing in your life is peace, peace at home, peace
in the world. In the 10 months since I have been President, I have
conferred with 85 of the world's leaders. I have tried to reason with
them. I have tried to plan with them. I have tried to submit to them
proposals for consideration that would bring about disarmament.
As
long as I am your President, I am not going to rattle our rockets, I am
not going to bluff with our bombs. I am going to keep our guard up at
all times and our hand out.
But I am going to be willing to go
anywhere, see anyone, talk any time to try to bring peace to this world
so these mothers will not have to give up their boys and have them wiped
out in a nuclear holocaust.
We are the mightiest nation in the
world. We have more bombers, we have more missiles, we have well trained
men. But if we do not have peace in the world, everything else fades
into insignificance.
So I hope that you people will realize that
in the next 3 weeks you are going to make a choice. You are going to
make a selection, you are going to determine who you want to represent
you in the next 4 years. You are going to determine what kind of an
economic policy this country has, whether we go backwards or whether we
go forward.
Today, wholesale prices are 1 percent down from what
they were a year ago. Today 72 million men are working. Today
corporations are making $12 billion more after taxes than they made 4
years ago when Mr. Kennedy came in. Today the workers of America are
getting $60 billion more after taxes than they got in 1961. Today our
farm income is $12 billion, and you pull down all of our programs and
all of our plans and you will cut that income overnight the first year
to $6 billion.
Well, you want to think that over. A fellow down
in my country the other day said the traveling salesmen kept bothering
him, coming in wanting to know who he would vote for, for President. He
said he finally went out and got 15 Kennedy half dollars and put them in
his britches pocket. He said every time one of them came in and asked
him, he started rattling those half dollars and said, "This sounds
pretty good to me. I like it the way it is."
The future of this
Nation lies here in the West, but you must have leadership. You must
have vision. You must have progressive men to carry forward your plans.
You have that in Teno, if you send him to Congress; you have that in
Gale, already with 6 years' experience in the United States Senate. I
need them both. I plead with you to go out, in the next 3 weeks, and
help elect them as representatives of the State of Wyoming.
I
have been to Wyoming a number of times. I like your white-faced
Herefords. I like your cowmen. I know your oilmen. I know something
about the economy of this State and the problems of this State. I think I
have been your friend and I just want to repeat to you today what I
said that awesome afternoon when tragedy befell us and our great
President was taken from us, and on a moment's notice I had to assume
the awesome responsibilities of the Presidency.
I said then with
God's help and with your help, and with your prayers, I would do the
best I could. I have done the best I could. I have represented all the
people of this Nation. I have been President of all the States.
If
you think I should be turned out after 11 months, you have that
privilege and that right, and that is your duty to do it November 3d.
But
if you think we should go forward with a program of peace in the world,
of trying to love thy neighbor as thyself, trying to live with other
nations instead of destroying them, if you think we should continue to
move this Nation forward, that we should have vision, we should have
plans, we should have programs, we should have education for our
children, we should have highways to transport our people, we should
have a good, sound agricultural program, we should have business and
labor trying to work together, instead of spending all their time
fighting--in short, we ought to have peace in the world and peace at
home--if you think that, I will appreciate your voting the Democratic
ticket November 3d.
This has been a delightful day. We visited
many States. We yet have to go to Denver and then to Boise, Idaho, and
then into Washington tonight.
I want to thank all of you. Wyoming
is one of the smaller States in the country. This is one of the largest
crowds I have seen. I expect per capita-wise you have just about bested
all the other States, and I want to tell you that I consider it a great
tribute to your people. I am deeply thankful to you for coming out.
Goodby and God bless you.
From: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26595#axzz2hhsV7a2I
Congressman Gerald Ford was nominated to be Vice President by Richard Nixon.
Also on that day President Nixon authorized Operation Nickel Grass, the airlift of weapons to Israel.
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M60 tank being loaded as part of Operation Nickel Grass
The operation revealed severe problems with the U.S. airlift capacity and would likely have not been possible without the assistance of Portugal, whose Azores facilities reduced the need for air-to-air refueling. The transfer of equipment would also leave the United States dangerously short of some sorts of military equipment, including radios, something that was compounded by the fact that the U.S. was transferring a large volume of equipment to the Republic of Vietnam at the same time.
This would directly result in the Arab Oil Embargo, which had been threatened. The embargo commenced on October 17.
U.S. oil production had peaked in 1970. Oil imports rose by 52% between 1969 and 1972, an era when fuel efficiency was disregarded. By 1972 the U.S. was importing 83% of its oil from the Middle East, but the real cost of petroleum had declined from the late 1950s.
The low cost of petroleum was a major factor in American post-war affluence from the mid 1940s through the 1960s. The embargo resulted in a major expansion of Wyoming's oil and gas industry, and in some ways fundamentally completed a shift in the state's economy that had been slowly ongoing since World War One, replacing agriculture with hydrocarbon extraction as the predominant industry.
We often hear a lot of anecdotal information about this topic today.
In this context, it's interesting to note that petroleum consumption is not much greater today in the U.S. than it was in 1973, but domestic production is the highest, by far, it's ever been. Importation of petroleum is falling, but it's also higher than it was in 1973, but exportation of petroleum is the highest it's ever been, exceeding the amount produced in 1973. If experts are balanced against imports, we're at an effective all-time low for importation. In effect, presently, all we're doing with importation is balancing sources.
People hate this thought locally, but with renewable energy sources coming online, there's a real chance that petroleum consumption will fall for the first time since the 1970s, which would have the impact of reducing imports to irrelevancy. Any way its looked at, the U.S. is no hostage to Middle Eastern oil any more.
It turned out that Europe wasn't hostage to Russian hydrocarbons either, so all of this reflects a fundamental shift in the world's economy.
Price has certainly changed over time.
Juan and Isabel Person were sworn into office as the elected president and vice president of Argentina
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