How To Use This Site




How To Use This Site


This blog was updated on a daily basis for about two years, with those daily entries ceasing on December 31, 2013. The blog is still active, however, and we hope that people stopping in, who find something lacking, will add to the daily entries.

The blog still receives new posts as well, but now it receives them on items of Wyoming history. That has always been a feature of the blog, but Wyoming's history is rich and there are many items that are not fully covered here, if covered at all. Over time, we hope to remedy that.

You can obtain an entire month's listings by hitting on the appropriate month below, or an individual day by hitting on that calendar date.
Use 2013 for the search date, as that's the day regular dates were established and fixed.

Alternatively, the months are listed immediately below, with the individual days appearing backwards (oldest first).

We hope you enjoy this site.

Sunday, February 10, 2013

February 10

1871  First homestead filing in Montana made.

1875   John M. Thayer began his second term as Territorial Governor.

1876  Gen. Terry ordered to take action against Sioux and Cheyenne who remained off their reservations.

1883  Long serving Episcopal missionary, Rev. John Roberts, arrives at Ft. Washakie.

1890  11,000,000 acres ceded by the Sioux opened for entry.

1904  The United States Secretary of the Interior set aside $2,250,000 for the initial construction of the Shoshone Project, including a Damn, which was one of the first federal reclamation projects in the nation and the largest federal project in Wyoming.  The entire water project would take years to complete.

1919  Monday, February 10, 1919: Theodore Roosevelt Mourned, IWW Men Deported, Butte Broke, Allies to Depart Russia but Japanese Not So Much, and Bad News for Houx

Readers of newspapers across the nation were reading of recent tributes to the late Theodore Roosevelt.  In Casper, locals read about just that occurring locally in the Methodist Church by Judge Charles Winter.


First United Methodist Church, the one referred to in the article, is still there and is one of Casper's oldest churches.  It didn't look quite the same, however, as it was added to in 1927, twenty years after its initial construction, and again in 1951.

Charles Winter had a son, Warren, who served as a very long time Casper lawyer and lived to be nearly 100, keeping his office open the entire time.  He had also been a Federal Magistrate for a time, so he reprised a judicial role in his family.  His entry into the law, however, was delayed by the Great Depression, as there were no jobs at the time he passed the bar.  A great track athlete in his youth, his funeral service was in this same church.

Big news was present in the form of the story that the Allies would be withdrawing from Russia.  The various allied nations were engaged in Russia in various degrees, with the British being particularly active in combating the Red Army.  A person could be somewhat skeptical that the withdrawal was going to go really well as the paper also related that the Japanese were becoming more involved.

The strike in Seattle wound down and a selection of IWW men were being sent backing back to their native lands.  In Butte Montana, lack of funds were causing public employment layoffs.

And the bad news just kept coming for former Democratic Governor Frank Houx, who had lead the state during the Great War but who had lost his seat to Governor Robert Carey.  Oil leases he had gained were reportedly being recaptured due to accusations of impropriety.  Democrats in general were also in the local news as they were being blamed for the failure of a bill to amend the Constitution to require suffrage for women.


The Laramie newspaper was reporting snow for the week. . . in a week where we also expect snow.

And both papers reported the Germans were threatening to surrender Germany to the communists if better terms weren't worked out in regarding war indemnity.


Exciting Western themed movies were opening that week for those who might wish to escape the news for awhile.
 

1933  State Librarian Ruth Harrington became exofficio State Historian.  Attribution.  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1940     Colorado born Glenn Miller's iconic swing classic "In The Mood" reaches Number 1 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart.

1944   Thursday, February 10, 1944. Victory at Saidor
Troops entering Quartermaster Replacement Training Center (QMRTC), Ft. F.E. Warren, Wyoming. July 6, 1943. Photo by US Army Signal Corps. Released for publication February 10, 1944.

1967     The 25th Amendment to the Constitution, dealing with presidential disability and succession, went into effect.

1980  Floyd Taliaferro Alderson died in Sheridan.  Alderson had been an early movie star, acting at first under the name Wally Wales and later as Hal Taliaferro. He'd been born in Sheridan in 1895 and grew up on the family ranch in Montana, where he returned after his acting career concluded.

2020  Governor Gordon delivered his 2020 State of the State Address.  It stated:

President Perkins, Speaker Harshman, and Members of the 65th Legislature thank you for your welcome. To the people of Wyoming here and those watching at home, good morning. 
I also want to welcome: Secretary of State Ed Buchanan, Auditor Kristi Racines, Treasurer Curt Meier, and Superintendent Jillian Balow. 
It is a distinct honor to serve with these individuals. Together we have addressed many tough issues this year, always crafting sensible, workable solutions to even the most complex challenges facing some of our state's communities large and small. Thank you for your work. 
We are honored this morning with the presence of our Supreme Court: Chief Justice Davis, and Justices Koutz, Fox, Boomgaarden, and Gray. Thank you for your wise consideration of perplexing issues, and for your thoughtful administration of the law. 
I am really pleased to have Lee Spoonhunter, Chairman of the Northern Arapaho Business Council with us today. And although, unfortunately, travel conditions prevented Karen Snyder, Vice-chair of the Eastern Shoshone Business Council, from being here. Please join me in recognizing them both. 
We are friends, and I have enjoyed building our relationships this year and I look forward to the progress we will make in the year ahead. Our peoples and our governments deserve our best efforts. Thank you also to Secretary of State Buchanan and his team for his partnership with both tribes to advance a good proposal so that Tribal IDs can be used for voter registration. 
I could not be more pleased to welcome Captain Scott Koenig to the Chamber. Captain Koenig is a Wyoming native who along with 29 other soldiers recently returned from Afghanistan. He and the other members of 3rd Platoon of Charlie Company left last January on a challenging mission  to provide 24-hour aeromedical evacuation coverage in Helmand Province. Captain Koening welcome home to Wyoming ---- and know that we are so proud of the talented and brave members of your team. I want to congratulate you for receiving the Air Medal and a Combat Action Badge. 
Adjutant General Greg Porter could not be here today. Taking his place is Command Sergeant Major Harold Pafford. I want to thank him for his leadership and many years of service. As the General says, our Guard is “the sword and the shield. Our nation is lethal fighting force when and the folks who keep our homes safe from fire, flood, and other catastrophes 
A little story here: General Porter, Command Sergeant Major Pafford and I accompanied the First Lady to enjoy Thanksgiving with our men and women in uniform overseas. Jennie grew up in a military family and knows well that any deployment is not easy. Not easy because our Army and Air Guard members are away from those that they love and those that love them. Please join me in saluting our men and women and their families for being the sword and the shield. 
Let us keep in our thoughts all members of our military serving overseas and at home. We thank you and all those many veterans who have defended our nation. 
You know I am especially proud of Jennie and clearly, I married above my station. As First Lady, she established the nationally recognized Wyoming Hunger Initiative. It is so important to so many kids in our state, and true to form, she has done i extraordinary efforts of so many working around the state to address food insecurity. She is making this happen while keeping our ranch running, supporting our family, and loving every moment of being a grandmother to Everett. My equal in every way -- she is the epitome of a Wyoming woman: accomplished, strong, versatile, independent, caring, talented, warm and a lover of the great outdoors. Jennie, my respect for you is absolute. And my love for you is boundless. 
Let us respect all Wyoming women by working every day to live up to our motto: We are the Equality State. 
Thank you, Sarah and Spencer for being here. Your son, our grandson, represents the future generations of our state. Everett is not here today, but his other grandparents, Mark and Shelly Fagin are, Everett is busy studying for an Ag Econ degree with his toy tractor, horses, cows, chickens, sheep, and pigs. 
Finally, on behalf of the citizens of Wyoming I want to sincerely thank the members of the 65th Legislature of the state of Wyoming for your willingness to serve, and your commitment to our great state. These are not easy times and there will be hard choices to make, but I enjoy our work together. I respect and value your thoughts as we face our common future. I ask all of the guests here to join me in applauding our State Legislature. 
Before moving on to the progress we have made and issues we face, I want to offer a few thoughts on this magnificent building. To quote you, Mr. Speaker, from Statehood Day this summer, "Look around you. Take in this place. Take a moment to appreciate it and the history that has happened here." 
A lot has happened over the past year, culminating on December 10th, when we honored Wyoming's heritage as the first government to recognize a woman's vote. 
Before I recognize the good men and women who worked to bring this effort to fruition, I want to present to you Mr. President and to you Mr. Speaker, the first flags that flew over your chambers. 
Just to let you know how this came about, we could not fly either flag last July on Statehood Day because the hardware was broken. The consultants projected it would cost thousands of dollars to repair because the scaffolding had been removed, In fact, it did not look like we would be able to fly flags today. However, Tommy Ojeda and his phenomenal crew landed on a way to fix them for around $300 all in. That is the dedication and ingenuity of our state workforce. 
Let me recognize the members of the original Capitol Oversight Committee, some of whom are here today: Senators Eli Bebout, Chris Rothfuss, Jayne Mockler, Phil Nicholas, Tony Ross, Representatives Kermit Brown, Rosie Berger, Tim Stubson, Mary Throne, Pete Illoway and especially, Governor Mead. Thank you all for your dedication to this effort. 
Mr. David Hart of MOCA Systems must also be thanked for his work in getting this project on track and keeping the Oversight Committee in line. 
Lastly, I hope you will join me in thanking the craftsmen and women whose care is evident everywhere you look in this building. 
So now to the business at hand. 
Today, I am proud to report that Wyoming's economy and the state is strong. 
More people are finding a better future in our state. Our population has grown. Unemployment is down and is at the lowest rate since 2008; gross domestic product is increasing; and personal income is up. Despite some obvious challenges this year, our economy remains strong. 
We are strong thanks to our people. We are strong because we have planned well for challenging times. We are strong because of our industries: energy, tourism, agriculture, and the emerging sectors of knowledge-based business and manufacturing. I am confident we will remain strong by aggressively engaging our future and seizing our opportunities. 
Thanks to the wisdom of our forebears, some in this very room, and the leadership of an extraordinary group of Governors and Treasurers, including Treasurer Meier; Wyoming finds itself in an enviable place amongst our peers. We have savings. This means we have time, not a lot of time, but time to make thoughtful decisions about our future and our budget. 
The budget I presented to you, which the Joint Appropriations Committee passed, was intended to trigger a serious conversation about our future, ways to diversify our economy, and ways to strengthen our state. Wyoming will always depend on our traditional industries but it must also take advantage of new opportunities. 
My budget charts a fiscally stable path. It keeps ongoing spending flat, giving our state time to think about the services we need to provide, and what we can do without. 
This budget took the advice of the Legislature and funded education in an undiminished capacity. In doing so, we will have to spend from our savings. The valve on education funding is stuck open and will require further consideration by this body as to whether that plumbing will hold up over time. 
This is the year we recalibrate Wyoming's funding model. Accordingly, I recommend that this year we carefully consider Superintendent Balow's suggestion to review Wyoming's “Basket of Goods." The basket is what Wyoming mandates to be taught in school. It was crafted before Wyoming schools had access to the internet. We owe it to our kids, and our state, to offer a 21st century, world-class education. 
My budget proposes curbs on capital construction. I did so noting that we are already engaged in several expansive and expensive projects: the State Hospital, the Life Resource Center, the UW Science Facility, the Skilled Nursing Facility, the Wyoming State Penitentiary, and the Casper State Office Building to name a few.
Given that we cannot afford to pay the people we need to staff these new buildings, it makes little sense to continue to build as aggressively as we have when times were more flush. 
In keeping with this administration's desire for transparency. I want to commend Auditor Racines and her office for bringing unprecedented transparency to the State's checkbook with the WyOpen website. My office has also set up a website, Wyoming Sense. It illustrates ing process in a transparent way. Now anyone in Wyoming can easily see what is being budgeted and how it is being spent. 
It may come as something of a surprise, but state government is actually smaller now than it was a decade ago. There are fewer state employees who are being asked to do more with less. They have capably responded by leveraging technology to implement better ways to provide the services our citizens need, 
To further these efforts, I have endorsed strategic investments in new technology and advanced cybersecurity. We cannot afford to fall further behind in this critical area. 
We must also recognize the value of our workforce. We are losing some of our most skilled, productive, and knowledgeable employees because we do not pay competitively. On top of that, we should remember that we had to increase both employee health insurance and retirement contributions, which effectively reduced their take-home pay. 
Let me sum up this problem: It is a vicious cycle. We continually need to train new employees, who then become better candidates for positions in other states with better pay scales. This is unacceptably expensive, and it is costly. We should be thinking about keeping the people who know what to do and how to do it. 
While I understand Wyoming's reluctance to offer permanent salary increases in this revenue climate, I have proposed a one-time bonus aimed at recognizing and retaining talent. If we truly want to reduce government, we can only do it with motivated people who know how to do their jobs. 
Rarely has the importance of good employees been more evident than on July 1st last year when Blackjewel unexpectedly closed down operations at two of Wyoming's largest coal mines. 
While other states with Blackjewel operations vibrated ineffectively, Wyoming sprang into action. The dedicated, talented, and knowledgeable team at DEQ came in to support mine employees and immediately set about stabilizing the mines. Other agencies started working with our miners to find them jobs, provide them earned benefits, and renegotiate mortgage schedules. Things could have been worse, and they were elsewhere in coal country. 
Before moving on, I want to highlight some other important and dedicated public employees: The ones who keep us safe; our first responders. 
This past year several Highway Patrol Troopers were injured. Trooper Jaime Wingard is here with us today. In October, she was investigating a crash on 1-25 outside of Wheatland, when she was struck from behind by a semi-truck, tearing her seat loose and totaling her car. Thankfully, she was wearing her seatbelt and was not significantly harmed. 
It is a stark reminder that our first responders, troopers, firefighters, EMTs, and law enforcement folks put their lives on the line every day. 
Trooper Wingard, for you and on behalf of all law enforcement and first responders please accept our esteem and appreciation. By all means, be careful out there. 
By now Wyoming citizens know too well how a myopic national political attitude to vilify fossil fuels has affected our energy industry. Twenty-eight states have enacted either renewable energy standards or low-carbon policies. These are targeted at the industries that have helped raise our standard of living, built our schools, funded public infrastructure, and made us the premier economy in the world. We produce energy better, more safely, and with more attention to the environment than anywhere else on the planet, and yet our industries are still discriminated against, maligned, and decried as dead. 
Well, not on my watch! Know this -- Wyoming will always advocate for our industries, whether it be to protect against unconstitutional restraint of trade, or in their endeavors to deliver cleaner, more dependable, more affordable, and safer energy to our nation. 
In the galley is Rob Piippo, the mine manager at Kemmerer Mine. Rob represents the dedicated men and women who go to work every day to see that people, mostly outside of Wyoming, can cool and heat their homes, and that the lights come on when they hit the switch. 
I remember the day Rob showed me the mine's pink haul truck, a tribute to women miners and a statement to stand up to breast cancer. Your community, your mine, the people who work there are the heart and soul of Wyoming. Rob, please know that we respect the work you and your fellow miners do every day, and that this Governor will always have your back. 
The problem we face is not burning coal. The problem is that we have not recognized or seized the opportunities to burn it cleaner, to use its byproducts more beneficially, or to remember its role as our country's most reliable source of electricity for over a hundred years.

We in Wyoming are leading the way. Our University, the Integrated Test Center, and the carbon valley in Northeast Wyoming are just parts of this singular effort. However, we must do more. That is why my administration has taken this fight to the Supreme Court. 
Oregon, California, and Washington have each sought to extend the reach of environmental regulations well beyond their borders, to blockade interior states like Wyoming their rightful access to coastal ports. These actions are a blatant unconstitutional restraint of trade. 
A few weeks ago, Montana joined us in bringing an original complaint before the Supreme Court to challenge Washington State's arbitrary action against the Millennium Bulk Coal Terminal. The vehicle is the Millenium Port, but the issue is an arbitrary and capricious discrimination against a useful commodity. It represents a direct threat to our products and Wyoming's way of life. I will defend our state. 
Thank you, Attorney General Hill and your staff for your meticulous work in crafting a strong original brief before our nation's highest court.
On the national stage, I continue to work with our exceptional federal delegation Congresswoman Cheney, Senator Barrasso and especially the yeoman service of retiring Senator Mike Enzi. 
Together we are advocating for legislative and regulatory reform of Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. In November, I traveled to Washington DC to support Senator John Barrasso's bill that does just that. State water quality regulation should be about water quality within one's own boundaries, not used as a weapon by one state to impose its will on another. 
I also have provided resources to the Public Service Commission to closely examine the assumptions made by various utilities' Integrated Resource Plans. Changes in them can impact hundreds of our jobs. It is our duty to verify that the proposed early closures of coal-burning units are truly warranted and economical, and not just philosophical or political. Wyoming genuinely welcomes renewable resources like wind and solar. However, we will not recklessly abandon our most abundant and reliable energy source just because it is unpopular with some people. 
Today, I challenge all of us to work together to make sure that the next carbon capture and sequestration facility is built here in Wyoming. I ask for your support of legislation requiring all new electric generation capacity produced in Wyoming to be reliable, consistent, and that a reasonable portion of it be net carbon negative. In doing so, Wyoming will demonstrate what no other state has had the courage to do: we will require true CO2 sequestration, not just some artificial notion that wind and solar can cure climate change all by themselves. 
I have asked you to add one million dollars for coal market augmentation and preservation. This appropriation will be used to defend our energy industry, to sustain the revenues energy provides for our state, and to support local communities' future planning. 
I urge your support of a $25 million investment to establish the Energy Commercialization Program. This program will provide a coordinated approach to supporting research to speed along technologies that advance zero or net-negative carbon uses for coal and other fossil fuels. I cannot be more emphatic. Time is of the essence. We must act now to prevent coalmines from closing
Last year, Campbell and Converse Counties were rocked by multiple bankruptcies; one in particular came as a shock. Thankfully, there are people in Wyoming who embody the Code of the West. In the gallery is Dan Baker. When his employer abruptly shut down coalmines and sent workers home without pay or notice, Dan and others responded. 
They worked tirelessly to make sure the mines were kept safe, secure and free from hazards so his fellow employees would have a workplace to return to at the end of the legal wrangling in bankruptcy court. Today that mine is up and running again. Dan would you stand so that we can recognize you. 
As the Blackjewel bankruptcy shows, counties are at risk and should not be left holding an empty bag. Consequently, I am supporting proposed legislation to change ad-valorem tax payments to a monthly basis. I realize this presents a seismic shift to our already financially strapped industries. The transition must allow long-term, dependable industries sufficient time to adjust. Wyoming is a patient place and we appreciate our industry; but we all pay our debts and expect others to as well. 
Coal is not the only Wyoming industry under stress. I note with particular urgency the state of our natural gas industry. Today, only two rigs are drilling for natural gas in Wyoming. That is the lowest number in the last 20 years. We have seen bankruptcies and halts in production in this industry too, with equally devastating consequences for local communities. Estimates of natural gas revenue continue to spiral down. I seek the Legislature's support in crafting a temporary, price-based reduction in severance taxes for those most in need. 
Wyoming is exceptional when it comes to energy and minerals.-.-- We remain the nation's leader in coal, uranium, and trona. We are eighth in oil and gas production. Even with today's challenges, Wyoming coal supplies 11 percent of the Nation's electricity. In fact, Wyoming is 
third in overall energy production. With the addition of wind and solar, we are broadening the portfolio of energy we provide to the nation. 
Wyoming is known for our natural resources and our public lands. It can be interesting when your largest landholder is the federal government. Our state's relationship with the feds has ebbed and flowed over the years, but thanks to President Trump, right now our relationship is strong and cooperative. With initiatives like Shared Stewardship, I commit to do my part to keep it that way. We will work with our federal partners to make sure that the 48 percent of our lands within Wyoming managed by the federal government continue to be accessible for all uses. 

Wyoming cares about our natural resources. We love our mountains, our streams, our open spaces, our Red Desert and National Parks. We love to hunt and fish, to climb and bike, to bird and just sit out and take in the night sky. Over the past year, we made significant strides in addressing the challenges and obstacles facing Wyoming's lands, wildlife, and waters. 

In October, I launched the Invasive Species Initiative. We are establishing better ways to combat the spread of invasive species across our state. Invasives are a universal challenge, not just one that affects our farms and ranches. They infect our public lands and waterways and thus impact our wildlife, fire dynamics, tourist operations and even more. It is imperative we meet this challenge head-on. 

Wyoming is the first state in the nation to tackle the important matter of preserving unique wildlife corridors. National Geographic recently recognized Arthur Middleton and Joe Riis for tracing big game migration routes. Their work shows how crucial these corridors are to preserving these iconic populations. 

As we have seen in Jonah, developing an oil and gas play is complex. Regulations are important, but they can also impede development. There is a balance to be struck, one that respects landowners' private rights and maintains Wyoming's wildlife and resources. My Big Game Migration Corridor Advisory Group did just that. 

Marissa Taylor is a rancher and a mom from Uinta County. As a member of the group, she devoted many days this year listening to and working with other citizens from counties, industry, wildlife and recreation interests searching for a sustainable approach to migration corridors. Marissa would you please stand to be recognized. 

What the group crafted was a recommendation that provides a practical way to identify, designate, and protect a few migration routes without offending private property rights. Based on their work, and my own travels throughout the state talking to affected stakeholders on all sides, I have drafted an Executive Order to implement their recommendations. 

My Executive Order provides opportunities for area working groups, county commissioners and others informed by science to provide on-the-ground tailored recommendations to preserve vital migration routes for two species- mule deer and antelope. It is absolutely not a land grab or a way to create hundreds of routes, or even the "spaghetti map" that some are falsely claiming, The order simply establishes a way to designate a handful ----- single digits — of corridors to protect our state's great treasures: our wildlife, our hunting, and our opportunity to enjoy the outdoors. 

Speaking of local solutions. Let me tell you about why I am so proud to have grown up in agriculture. I believe it is the backbone of our state. We will continue to work to expand markets and support this industry across a range of topics. But there is one issue, which really came into focus this year. Early on the morning of July 17th, right as the summer was beginning to heat up, an alarm went off indicating that the Goshen Irrigation Fort Laramie Gering Canal had lost all of its water. Goshen Irrigation Canal Tunnel Number 2 had collapsed, shutting off the flow to 110 thousand acres of critical farmland. The water then backed up and blew out the canal bank. As Senator Steinmetz will tell you it was a big hole the kind you can see from outer space! 

Rob Posten, District Manager is here with us today to represent the board of the Goshen Irrigation District. Now, Rob is a Wyoming guy and he asked me to recognize other GID staff ---- Linda Keeran, Andrea Janes, and Kevin Strecker, who faced that daunting challenge. But I want to ask Rob to rise so we may recognize him and the Goshen Irrigation District for their determination and perseverance. With the help of many others, including state agencies and our friends in Nebraska, these folks got water flowing again before summer's end. 

The GID tunnel failure highlights a larger, systematic vulnerability facing our state's aging irrigation infrastructure. I personally worked with the Select Water Committee on a solution to this problem. Under the leadership of Chairmen Hicks and Laursen, The Committee passed a good bill. It is a first step. Let's keep it targeted to irrigation. 

I want to ensure that we are doing everything we can to grow the second most significant source of income to our state. Tourism and outdoor recreation in Wyoming represents an enormous opportunity to grow our economy. It is a sector which employs more people and returns substantial sales tax revenue. The revenue comes mostly from outside our state.

Whether it is skijoring at the Sundance Winter Carnival this month; skiing in the Tetons or at Hogadon; ice climbing in Cody; snowmobiling in the Bighorns; a ranch vacation in Saratoga; bird watching on the Cokeville Meadows; mountain biking at Curt Gowdy or Johnny Behind the Rocks; enjoying The Daddy of 'Em All right here in Cheyenne, or a rodeo almost anywhere in Wyoming; fishing the Wedding of the Waters or on Glendo; or water skiing on the Gorge or Alcova; Wyoming has a bit of something for everyone.

Think about what we can do with Hot Springs State Park. Now there is a new military museum in Dubois opening in May. I could go on, but you get the idea. Wyoming is a marvelous place where you can still get on a river, climb a mountain, or simply enjoy a quiet evening on the plains. I applaud our tourism industry and I support its proposal for a lodging tax that would help Wyoming compete with our neighboring states. 

Over the last year, we have spoken extensively about education, and I have had the pleasure of engaging with the educational community about a variety of issues. I want to recognize Dane Weaver, a passionate teacher of 7th through 12th grade social studies. He lives in a little town at the base of Tensleep Canyon just over the hill from where I grew up. Please join me in congratulating him as Wyoming's Teacher of the Year, and in expressing our appreciation for all teachers in Wyoming 

I would like to ask Dr. Neil Theobold, acting president of UW, to stand so that we can recognize our university. It is a tremendous and enduring institution. 

Just two weeks ago, I sat down with Neil and the presidents of our community colleges, which are so important to our state. Over lunch, we began a discussion about how to better organize Wyoming's post-secondary educational opportunities to be more economic and better able to deliver education where it is needed. I left the meeting excited about our opportunities.

My adninistration has helped to secure additional financial resources for the year ahead to strategize, evaluate and improve our early-education, K-12 and post-secondary systems. 

We are hearing good things around the state about the strides we are making in workforce development. In particular, the Wyoming Works program and the efforts of the Educational Attainment Executive Council, which has aggressive goals to increase the number of people in Wyoming earning post-secondary certificates and degrees.

Through the collaborative efforts of the K-12 education sector, community colleges, UW and industry, we can equip our students with the necessary skills to ensure their success and improve Wyoming's economic health. This is really good news.

We have a window of opportunity in this recalibration year to critically, and in good faith, discuss what we need to teach, and how we can sustainably fund our education system. I am committed to working with you to find a solution. This is something we simply cannot afford to put off. This train has arrived and the people of Wyoming know it. Let us not miss it. 

My administration is also dedicated to improving access and lowering the cost of healthcare, including prescription drugs. Notably, we need to improve mental health care through innovative approaches, and coordinating agency policies for a more seamless delivery of services. 

One area of focus is on the prevention of suicide. This issue struck close to home when I heard from classmates of my own kids who have struggled with these dark thoughts. Too many of our residents are suffering -- and sadly, far too many are acting on it. 

I have supported funding to launch an in-state suicide hotline. This is just a start. We need to work with providers and leverage all of our state resources to do a better job of attending to those in need.

My administration is also working on ways to support families and individuals who have been exposed to adversity and trauma. Together we can create a healthier Wyoming where our citizens have quality services for generations to come. 

Our state is strong. Wyoming truly was forged out of the West by entrepreneurs; it is our history and it must be our future. I am anxious to see our state once again become the model of where anyone can create wealth from their own enterprise, grit, and work ethic. 

We are supporting our existing industries by revamping the Business Council. It now has a new mission and a new CEO, Josh Dorrell, who just took up the reins. He will be coming to your town soon. His entrepreneurial, private sector experience and deep understanding of Wyoming will be invaluable in helping to support existing businesses, grow new ones, and attract whole new enterprises to our state.

Finally, to end where I began — with this building. A significant percentage of the 65th Legislature has never served in this capitol. So, I want to take just a moment to remember what it was to be here before the construction project began. 

When I arrived as Treasurer in 2012, this place was full of people and energy. Visitors from all over the state and the world wandering the halls, and marveling not so much at the architecture, but at the fact you could walk into this building and be greeted by, and have a conversation with, the Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, or a member of the Legislature. This does not happen anywhere else. Over and over again that is what I heard was the real charm of this place. It was a working Capitol "The People's House." It is the way government should be; accessible.

When the session started, legislators would often stop by my office to discuss legislation, or what they hoped to accomplish during the session. The coffee pot was always on. Good work came from the camaraderie that was the hallmark of this Capitol. 

This restored building provides the opportunity to continue that culture. There is great history in these walls, but it is not a museum. There is the promise of progress and moments ahead as defining as the passage of our Constitution and the recognition of universal suffrage. Like past generations in this building, we too have a rendezvous with destiny. However, like past generations it can only be done if we work together. 

I encourage you to take some time to welcome and engage visitors. This is the people's house and home to our government. Let's visit one another regularly. My office will always have the coffee on and sometimes-awesome sweet rolls. Let's fill these halls with the energy and optimism that have always defined Wyoming.
God Bless you God Bless Wyoming And God bless the United States of America.

Saturday, February 9, 2013

February 9

1836  David Crockett and his party of fourteen "Tennessee Mounted Volunteers" arrived in San Antonio, Texas.

1851  James M. Riley a/ka/ Doc Middleton, David C. Middleton, Texas Jack, Jack Lyons, Gold-Tooth Jack and Gold-Tooth Charley born in Bastrop Texas.  He was a horse thief, operating in Wyoming and neighboring states up until 1883 when a criminal conviction ended his career.  At the time of his death in 1913 he was a saloon owner in Orin Junction.

1867  Nebraska becomes a state.

1870 The U.S. Weather Bureau was established.

1878  Colorado rancher  John Wesley Iliff dies, leaving an open range cattle heard of 35,000 head.  He was 46 years old.

1893  Wyoming divided into four judicial districts by the Legislature. Attribution.  On This Day.  The number has been expanded to the current day, there now being nine judicial districts, several of which encompass a single county.

1910  Keel of the USS Wyoming laid down.  Attribution:  On This Day.

1911  Platte, Goshen, Hot Springs and Washakie counties created by the Legislature.

1916   Bill Carlisle robs passengers on the Union Pacific "Portland Rose".  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1916  Casper Daily Tribune established.

1917   The Cheyenne Leader for February 9, 1917: German activity in Mexico drawing the attention of the Secret Service
 

Two days after the Punitive Expedition had officially ended Germans in Mexico were still drawing U.S. attention. . . and not for incorrect reasons, as it would turn out.

The US was too proud to fight, even after the lifting of unrestricted submarine warfare, regarded as a really immoral act at the time.  And the legislature was still busy, working on another alcohol bill even after a run at Prohibition had failed earlier in the week.  Much like today, some economic hopes were being pinned on outside industries even though the economy was doing great, fueled by the agricultural and petroleum boom caused by World War One.

1918 The Wyoming Tribune, February 9, 1918. Different Times
 

Cheyenne high school cadets were having a competition.  They were, of course, all male.  "Pretty Cheyenne High School Girls" had been chosen to sponsor the teams.  This would probably spark some sort of protest today.  Whose times are more honest?

On the same day, those cadets and their female sponsors could read that the Germans had gotten the best of fresh American infantry once again in a trench raid. The Germans were testing American troops. . .but also giving American troops who survived the test combat experience.

The sinking of the Tuscania remained in the news.  Revolution in Russia continued to grab headlines.  Ukraine had bowed out of the war as an independent state, freed of Moscow, and had stepped into what was to be the first of two German "protectorates" of the 20th Century for that country.

And Theodore Roosevelt was ill.

At least the weather looked good for autoing.

1919  Sunday February 9, 1919. 116th Ammunition Train's Wyoming Guardsmen come home, the Spanish Flu strikes in Cheyenne, 2% alcohol brings protest, Game & Fish supported, Chewing gum, Chinese alphabet, Coffee substitutes, Old Restaurants
So what news greeted Cheyenne subscribers to the Cheyenne State Leader on this Sunday, February 9, 1919?  The Sunday paper, for papers that print them, is usually the flagship edition of the journal. And a lot was going on, with peace talks in Parish, revolution in Russia, the flu epidemic spanning the globe, and the legislature in session.  Let's take a look.


Unemployment was going up and up, as war industries closed down and servicemen went home.  In an era in which the only thing a government could think to do in this situation was to keep servicemen in the service, which was an expensive option that no Congress of that period would tolerate long, the direction things were headed in was obvious, and not good.

Some of those servicemen from Wyoming, in the "116th", would soon be home.  

The paper wasn't clear about what the "116th" was, but it was the 116th Ammunition Train, one of the units that was formed out of the men of the Wyoming National Guard after it was reassigned from its infantry role and broken up. They were a logistical transport unit that took ammunition to the front.  They were part of the 41st Division.

American boys who were coming home just yet, those serving in Northern Russia, were reported to have given the Reds a "licking". That was true of it meant that they'd inflicted heavy casualties upon the Red Army that was advancing against them, but they were not holding their ground.  The Reds were winning in Russia against the Allies and Whites in that area.

A group that some feared was turning Red, strikers in Seattle, were reported to have been beaten in the huge strike going on in Seattle that had been running for several days.

Tragedy struck in Cheyenne when a young woman, age 20, died of the Spanish flu leaving an infant.  Her husband was at sea.

Also in Cheyenne, Governor Carey and Senator Powers received the protest of Sheridan Area ministers regarding the Wyoming state prohibition bill, an act that was pointless in the first place as the 18th Amendment had just passed, as it would still allow 2% alcohol.


In news that remains important to this very day, the same legislature that passed a pointless prohibition bill passed a really important Game & Fish bill that put the Wyoming Game & Fish Department on a permanent footing with a set of statutes on the state's game and fish.

We should all be thankful for the 1919 Legislature for that one.


The Cheyenne paper ran a society page at that time, which seems so odd now.  That same page featured a major advertisement for chewing gum in the form of "sweetmeats", which I've never seen it called before.

Personally I'm not a huge chewing gum fan, liking the rarely seen black licorice chewing gum more than others.  I'll buy Wrigley's on occasion however.  Interesting to see how long its been around and how it was originally advertised.


On the Society page the paper also let us know "one reason China is messed up", which was its written language, the paper felt.

As racist as that sounds, there was some truth to that at the time, which was why there was quite an effort to adopt the western alphabet to the Chinese languages (amongst others).  Indeed, the western system of alphabet was a major achievement due to the ease of its use.  

Be that as it may, now in the computer age, the advantage that once existed in regards to the western alphabet has somewhat diminished, and in China knowledge of its traditional characters is in fact greatly expanding in the current era.


On a different wildlife related topic, major discussion was going on in Cheyenne on the damage caused by predatory animals.

And people were being told, advertisement wise, that Instant Postum "is better for the family than coffee".  No, I don't think so.  We are told that "There's a Reason", but we aren't told what that reason actually was.


A furniture store in Cheyenne was selling out, with illustrations of their wares.


The Albany Cafe was open on Sunday, as restaurants typically are, and was offering a Sunday chicken dinner for .75.

The Albany is still there, and still in the same location.


And new Studebaker's were being advertised.

1933 Coldest recorded temperature in state set at the Riverside.Ranger Station in Yellowstone National Park at -66F.  On the same day a series of cold records were established in the region, such as-66F at West Yellowstone and -63 at Moran.

1942 Daylight-saving "war time" went into effect in the United States, with clocks turned one hour forward.

1943 FDR ordered a minimal 48 hour work week in war industry.

1944  Wednesday, February 9, 1944. Vice in Casper Wyoming. Questioning the conduct of the War in Parliament.

Fifty Five slot machines were seized by law enforcement in Casper.

Gambling is theoretically illegal in Wyoming, but old time Wyomingites know that at one time the law was really just winked at. The Wonder Bar, a Casper institution for decades, kept a blackboard up behind the bar with sports teams listed on it and betting information in the 40s and 50s.  The legendary bar finally seems to have escaped its name and somewhat misplaced nostalgia, but in those days that was a major feature of a major Casper bar.

The Wonder Bar



These photographs are of the "World Famous" Wonder Bar. The Wonder Bar has operated on Center Street for decades, although it has had short periods of time in recent years in which it operated under a different name (Tommy Knockers, Dillingers, and very briefly, "Sludge and Eddies"). Still, the bar has been around so long that even efforts to operate it under a different name do not deter the locals from continuing to refer to it as the Wonder Bar.

Downtown Casper once had a vast number of bars. This are of downtown had multiple bars on a single block. Only the Wonder Bar survives as a bar.

At some point in time, decades ago, Lee Riders paid to paint an advertisement on the side of the bar. The sign is still there, although an effort to paint over it was made at some point. This reflects the stockman heritage of central Wyoming, and indeed at one time quite a few cowboys and sheepherders spent time in the Wonder Bar.

Gambling downtown was a major deal in the bars in general.  My father was once a witness to a sheepherder pawning his cowboy boots so he could go back to a game.  This may have been at the Trail Bar, a long gone bar on Second Street at a time when Casper had bars literally everywhere downtown . . . something its oddly returning to actually.

That would also have been in the 40s.

The caption above is now inaccurate. The store has been recreated as a malt shop/soda fountain.  The theater is being converted into an events venue.

The Rialto Cigar Store, also a major Casper institution for decades, operated as a bookmaker at one time.  That was in addition to other illegal activities, which included selling sex related materials and pornographic magazines.  Even in the 1990s it sold a lot of pornography, in addition to cigars and newspapers.  It was also a malt shop.

That was Casper.

Casper, my hometown, was really rough from at least the onset of World War One through the end of World War Two.  Just as the war had a major impact on towns and cities that bordered reservations in the southwest, as returning Native veterans wanted to be near their homes, but not return to the reservations, returning veterans ran for local office in Natrona County as they wanted to rebuild their lives in a town that wasn't wide open, and Casper was.

The process actually started during the war.  Not only gambling, but prostitution was widely accepted in Casper until the 1940s.  It was loosely confined to The Sand Bar district of the city, but it was very open.  During the war, the commander of the Army Air Force base that became the Natrona County International Airport after the war asked the city to restrain it as the expanded business opportunities for the "working girls" caused by the war caused a law enforcement problem for the military, as well as a major health problem. The Army threatened to confine soldiers to base unless the city did something about it, and with money to be made, the city started to act.  Following the war, the efforts continued until the 1970s when the Sand Bar was taken down as part of an urban renewal project.


1984 The Divide Sheep Camp added to the National Registry of Historic Places.

2016  Governor Mead delivers his State of the State address in stressed economic times in the state.

2018  Ed Murray resigned as Wyoming Secretary of State following the second accusation of his having engaged in inappropriate conduct in the past on two instances.  As we noted at the time, the second accusation effectively ended his political career:
The Tribune's article today on Murray noted that he had been expected to be the front runner for the Gubernatorial race. 
I don't know if that's true or not but it does seem clear that these two combined allegations have effectively ended his political career. 
The first of the two accusations, it should be noted, was the much more serious and Murray has denied it unequivocally.  It would constitute a true species of sexual assault.  The second accusation is crass and crude and would constitute a species of assault, but in terms of it being a "sexual assault" it would not likely be in the legal context but might be in the current social context.  That one occurred in 1988 and Murray had married in the interim.  He hasn't admitted it, but instead has said that he has no recollection of the event, alleged to have occurred on New Years Eve when the second accuser was babysitting for Murray and his wife.  Having no recollection is a pretty weak denial. 
This is interesting in the current political context for a couple of reasons.  One is that frankly at least I, and I suspect some others, would have been inclined to dismiss the first accusation but for the second.  The second, standing alone, would have been crass and inappropriate but probably could have been excused away due to New Years over indulging or something and the voters might have forgiven Murray.  Standing together they're enough, in my view, to wipe out is chance of obtaining any other elected or even appointed position.  The first one, if true and reported immediately, may have lead to criminal prosecution at the time.












Friday, February 8, 2013

February 8

1893  Confusion over the design for the state seal lead the legislature to adopt more specific language, providing:
A pedestal showing on the front thereof an eagle resting upon a shield, said shield to have engraven thereon a star and the figures '44,' being the number of Wyoming in the order of admission to statehood. Standing upon the pedestal shall be the draped figure of a woman, modeled after the statue of the 'Victory' in the Louvre, from whose wrists shall hang links of a broken chain, and holding in her right hand a staff, from the top of which shall float a banner with the words 'Equal Rights' thereon, all suggesting the political position of woman in this state. On either side of the pedestal, and standing at the base thereof, shall be male figures typifying the live stock and mining industries of Wyoming. Behind the pedestal, and in the background, shall be two pillars, each supporting a lighted lamp, signifying the light of knowledge. Around each pillar shall be a scroll with the following words thereon: On the right of the central figure the words 'Live Stock' and 'Grain.' and on the left the words 'Alines' and 'Oil.' At the base of the pedestal, and in front shall appear the figures '1869-1890," the former date signifying the organization of the Territory of Wyoming, and the latter the date of its admission to statehood. A facsimile of the above described seal is here represented and is made a part of this act.
Wyoming State Seal on shield device on U.S. Army beret, as worn by the Wyoming Army National Guard.

The entire controversy was recently detailed in an article in Annals of Wyoming, the journal of the Wyoming Historical Society. A truly fascinating, if bizarre, event, the original approved design was substituted by the legislator who carried the seal design to Governor Barber, for his own, which had not won approval. That design featured a woman bereft of clothing in the design.  When the Governor learned of the switch, he commissioned a drawing of the correct seal, but by that time the matter had become such a controversy that it was kept secret and not used.  Ultimately money printed with Wyoming's seal in this period, and there were notes printed with the seals of every state at this time, used a modified territorial seal. 

1910  Boy Scouts incorporated.


1918  Oral arguments heard in the United States Supreme Court in Wyoming v. Colorado.  The controversy surrounded appropriations on the Laramie River.

1919  Edwin Keith Thomson born in Newcastle.  Thomson had risen spectacularly young, graduating from the University of Wyoming College of Law in 1941 at which time he was only 22 years old.  He entered the service thereafter and became the youngest battalion commander in the Army during World War Two, reaching that position at age 24.  He was still in his 20s when discharged as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1946.  He became the Congressman from Wyoming in 1955.  He was elected to the Senate in 1960, but died of a heart attack at age 41 before assuming his office.  His widow, Thyra Thomson, served as Wyoming's Secretary of State for 24 years.


1919  February 2, 1919. Beating the high cost of living, Wyoming troops returning home. Senate passes land bill for soldiers. Donuts.

The Wyoming Tribune advised on this Saturday, February 2, 1919 that with a good cow, a flock of hens and a small garden, you could beat old "Mr. H.C.L.", that being the high cost of living.

It's an interesting and possibly accurate observation in some context.

And men from the 41st and 91st Divisions would be back in the U.S. shortly.


The U.S. Senate was anticipating that some of those returning me would want to become agriculturalist, which was in fact correct.

In light of that fact, the Senate's bill did something to give homesteading returning servicemen an advantage, although I frankly don't know what that was.  The various homestead acts were still in existence, so they could have homesteaded anyhow.  The impact of the law, however, was a real one as I know of at least two instances of individuals who took advantage of this provision and I knew one of them.  By reports, this was a fairly popular option for returning World War One servicemen, but a similar effort to reopen the homestead act, on a limited basis, for returning World War Two servicemen, on certain designated grounds (at least some of which were Indian Lands) would not be.


Returning soldiers were celebrated on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post, depicting a soon to vanish means of transportation in use by somebody who is probably supposed to be an aged farmer.


Leslie's, on the other hand, was looking back to World War One still and celebrating the Red Cross donut girl, although having said that the efforts of the Red Cross were still in full swing in Europe, although a lot of those women were now returning home.


If that illustration looks familiar, it's because it was from an actual photograph.  And if you have a hankering for trying Great War donuts, here's your chance with the recipe.

The donut girl was one Stella Young, serving in France.


I don't know anything else about here, but I'd note that, while a person isn't supposed to make such observations, she has a classically English appearance and my guess is that was her nationality.

1921  Mike Zavor of Acme, and late of Poland, received a patent for a plow.

1922 Douglas chapter of the Kiwanas formed.

1924  President Coolidge signed a resolution ordering the Doheny and Sinclair petroleum leases to be nullified due to the Teapot Dome scandal.

And also:




1929  A train hits and kills 61 head of sheep.  Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1938  Alcova Dam completed.  Dam's were recently discussed here in a Blog Mirror item.  Attribution.  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1941  Willis Van Devanter died.  Van Devanter has been discussed elsewhere on this site and achieved a lasting position in U.S. history due to his elevation to the United States Supreme Court, the only member of the Wyoming State Bar to achieve that honor.  He had retired in 1937, after Congress granted full pay to Justices over 70 years of age who retired.  He stayed in Washington D. C., where he is buried.

1943  A B-25 landed on a highway near Douglas due to low fuel. Attribution. Wyoming State Historical Society.

Thursday, February 7, 2013

February 7

1872  Snow continued to prevent trains from traveling from Cheyenne to Denver, as they had since December 20.

1879  Major Reno cleared on any misconduct in relation to the Battle of the Little Big Horn.

1888  Territorial Legislature passed a petition to Congress to organize as a state.

1902  Casper's town council legalizes gambling in Casper.  The legislature would later regulate, and largely outlaw, gambling statewide, but gambling in Casper remained an open activity in to the 1950s.  At least one bar in the town ran a gambling board for betting on sports.   Attribution:  Wyoming State Historical Society.

1908  Jewel Cave in South Dakota declared a National Monument by Theodore Roosevelt.

1917   And so it ended. The Punitive Expedition.
 
Two days ago we reported on the last US soldier leaving Mexico:

The Punitivie Expedition: U.S. complete its withdrawal from Mexico. February 5, 1917.


The smile on the soldier to the left's face was likely quite genuine.  The 6th and the 16th Infantry crossing back into the United States.

And today is the official end of the Punitive Expedition into Mexico by some accounts.  Why the extra two days?  Well, I'm not sure, but no military operation ever concludes on a precise time.  It seems to me that at one time I had the information on this, but I'm no longer exactly sure what the story was. What I do recall is that most of the troops were over the border well before February 7, and what I think is actually the case, as already noted, is that the last were over the border on February 5, but there was some trailing involvement and actions in regards to the expedition for anot her two days.  We'd expect that.

Which, as already also has been noted, didn't mean that everything just returned to normal, officially or unofficially.  A heavy military presence remained on the border for years, and certainly in 1917 there were real fears about a resumption of Mexican military activity, likely rebel activity, in the United States. The upcoming revelation of the contents of the Zimmerman Note, of course, would make those fears a bit more intense, even as the United States was already using reservist for anti sabotage efforts on the East Coast, with the suspected feared enemy agents being German.
Senate Resolution of February 7, 1917
 
WHEREAS the President has, for the reasons stated in his address  delivered to the Congress in joint session on February 3, 1917, severed  diplomatic relations with the Imperial German Government by the  recall of the American Ambassador at Berlin and by handing his passports to the German Ambassador at Washington; and 

WHEREAS, notwithstanding this severance of diplomatic intercourse,  the President has expressed his desire to avoid conflict with the Imperial German Government; and 

WHEREAS the President declared in his said address that if in his judgment occasion should arise for further action in the premises on the part of the Government of the United States he would submit the matter to the Congress and ask the authority of the Congress to use such means as he might deem necessary for the protection of American seamen and people in the prosecution of their peaceful
and legitimate errands on the high seas: Therefore be it 
Resolved, That the Senate approves the action taken by the President as set forth in his address delivered before the joint session of the Congress, as above stated.

1918  A new revolt in Mexico? The Laramie Boomerang, February 7, 1918


Wyomingites in recent weeks had been increasingly reading, in their local papers, about food shortages and unrest in Germany and Austria.  It was beginning to seriously look like the war was devolving into a race.  Would the Central Powers be able to move enough troops off the Eastern Front prior to starving to launch a crushing spring offensive, or would starvation and revolution overtake them at home as American troops began to pour into France.
Today, however, the news was a bit different, and not at all settling, not that it had been otherwise.  German naval power, in the form of submarines, was more than adequate enough to continue to be a danger in the Irish Sea.  The loss of the American transport Tuscania came as unwelcome news on this day.  The loss of life wouldn't include Wyomingites, but it would include a lot of National Gaurdsmen as the ship was carrying Federalized Wisconsin and Michigan Guardsmen, as well as soldiers of the Regular Army.
Also on this day, at least in Laramie, Wyomingites were learning that things might be getting out of hand once again in Mexico.  Carranza's grip on power, it seemed, might not be as strong as had been supposed in recent months. . .

1942   The federal government ordered passenger car production stopped and converted to wartime purposes.

1943  The United States begins the rationing of shoes.

1994  A magnitude 4.8 earthquake occurred about 96 miles from Evanston.

Elsewhere:   1812. The strongest of a series of earthquakes in Missouri causes a fluvial tsunami in the Mississippi.

Wednesday, February 6, 2013

Blog Mirror: Lex Anteinternet: Today In Wyoming's History: February 4: The Dams

Lex Anteinternet: Today In Wyoming's History: February 4: The Dams: Recently the Today In Wyoming's History blog ran this item: Today In Wyoming's History: February 4 : 1905  Construction starts on Pathfi...

February 6

1899 Spanish American War ends.

The Spanish American War was the first American War that the state of Wyoming participated in. Even during the Indian Wars the state itself, which of course only became a state after the main part of the fighting was over, had very little in the way of a role.  The Spanish American War, however, was different.

Almost completely forgotten now, the war was controversial and not well received in some parts of the East.  In the West, however, it was enthusiastically approached.  Wyoming was one of the locations where volunteer cavalry regiments were formed, although Wyoming's unit, the 3d U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, never made it overseas (only the 1st U.S. Vol Cav of the volunteer cavalry regiments did).  Tragically, Wyoming's contribution did sustain serious casualties including deaths in a train accident as they were being sent to Florida prior to the invasion of Cuba.

The war is memorialized today in a memorial on the Capitol grounds.

The 3d U.S. Volunteer Cavalry is still recalled today in the form of the general form of the Wyoming Army National Guard unit patch, which features a roughrider.   Not all Wyoming Army National Guard units wear the patch, as they once did, but some still do.

2004  A  Cessna T206H crashed near Rawlins, killing the pilot.  A passenger survived.

2007  Susan S. Sorini-Wong of Laramie was issued a patent for a soil sample containment device and method.  Attribution:  On This Day.

Tuesday, February 5, 2013

The Company of Military Historians

For those who may not be familiar with it, the Company of Military Historians is the premier organization dedicated to the study of military history.  At one time its membership was by invitation, but now invitation is open to those interested in the subject.  It's journal is excellent.


The flyer depicted above is available at http://military-historians.org/join/Revisedshowflyerw-QRC130201.pdf